biology    developmental biology    cell biology    cells    metabolism    eukaryotes    organelles    biochemistry    molecular biology    mitochondria    adenosine triphosphate    atp    shape-shifting    powerhouse    fusion    fission    university of ottawa    neurons    dynamics    apoptosis    programmed cell death    cytochrome c    navdeep chandel    northwestern university    university of chicago    reactive oxygen species    ros    peroxides    singlet oxygen    hydroxyl radicals    proteins    blood    fat    stem cells    glycolysis    cytoplasm    oxidative phosphorylation    differentiation    mireille khacho    self-renewal    cell fate    clifford folmes    mayo clinic    neurogenesis    alessandro prigione    max delbrück center for molecular medicine    ruth slack    neurodevelopmental disorders    autism    neurodegenerative diseases    alzheimer’s disease    amyotrophic lateral sclerosis    als    mice    humans    david chan    california institute of technology    signaling    metabolites    luca scorrano    university of padua